Causes include human rights violations, economic decline, as well as extreme poverty caused by unemployment. A bumpy road ahead pdf by hassan hakimian, director of the london middle east institute and reader, economics department, soas underscores the underlying importance of the economic conditions facing the new republics, such as egypt and tunisia, which are emerging as a result of the arab spring. The arab spring was a phenomenon that shocked the international community. The popular protests resulted in changes in office in egypt, tunisia and libya whereas in syria the regime remained in power despite strong popular uprising and ongoing civil war. The term arab spring, while controversial, has come to represent the events that have rocked this region since the beginning of 2011. The arab spring and climate change does not argue that climate change caused the revolutions that have shaken the arab world over the past two years. The road to revolution in the land of the pharaohs. The events that began in tunisia in january 2011 and spread to. At the time of writing, the arab spring has seen the collapse of four heads of the regions authoritarian regimes. However, the events in egypt can reasonably be included in the beginning of the protests, since they had a much larger effect in the arab world, due to egypt s sheer size and influence compared to tunisia. The arab spring movement has captivated the world over the past few years. Andalas journal of international studies vol 6 no 2.
The repressive and violent nature of the arab regimes also ranks high on the list of major factors culminating in the 2011 arab uprisings. Arab spring in tunisia, egypt, bahrain, jordan, kuwait and saudi arabia affect the national economy of each country. They construct a daily estimate of the number of protesters in. The goal of this article is to place the role that social media plays in collective action within a more general theoretical structure, using the events of the arab spring as a case study.
The impact of this latest egyptian revolution is, however, conditioned by the extent to which. In egypt, protests and strikes began on january 25, 2011 national police day and lasted for 18 days, bringing. The middle east and north africa region is large and diverse, and it is difficult to make regional generalisations about the impact of the arab spring on human rights. Nov 30, 2018 in 2011, the arab spring led to regime change in tunisia, egypt, and libya, as well as further protests across the region. Zulkuf aydin sep 2015, 108 pages arab spring is a political concept that spread widely in the media and academic art publications.
There are at least two diametrically opposed readings on the long and short term impacts of the epochal events of 2011. The arab spring and its impact on human rights in the. Economic protests also took place in the gaza strip. The arab spring events should be more adequately viewed in the framework of fitnah, a form of protest traditional in the arabmuslim political culture. Elite choices, path dependency and the arab spring. This product includes 56 compelling slides including maps, charts, editorial cartoons, and links to short videos. Political party development before and after the arab spring. Facebook, arab blogosphere, internet use, social activism, arab protests introduction the arab spring was not the result of a sudden event. Read, download and publish arab spring magazines, ebooks. This part of the research focuses on the root causes and consequences of the arab spring that affected tunisia, egypt, libya and syria. For many, the abiding images of the period feature large crowds of young.
Shadi hamid tracks the evolution of islamist political parties prior to and in the wake of the arab spring, analyzing how authoritarian regimes, islamists, secularists and others in egypt, jordan. As a background, democratization in postarab spring egypt has collapsed and it seems now merely an illusion. In december 2010, protests began against the autocratic government in the northern african country of tunisia. Arab spring research guide and notes sheet introduction. Egypt and then libya, jordan, morocco, bahrain, syria, and beyond. Jan 29, 2018 six years later, little remains of the hopes that the west saw in the arab spring. The meme of the arab spring is characterised by bottomup change, or the lack thereof, and its effec. The islamists, albeit of various strands, have won every election held since the advent of the arab spring. From the acclaimed author of river town and oracle bones, an intimate excavation of life in one of the world s oldest civilizations at a time of convulsive changedrawn by a fascination with egypt s rich history and culture, peter hessler moved with his wife and twin daughters to cairo in he wanted to learn arabic, explore cairo s neighborhoods, and visit the legendary archaeological digs of. Egypt, bahrain, kuwait, libya, yemen, algeria, jordan, morocco and saudi arabia. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia noueihed, 2011. After female activists played a prominent role in actions leading to the recent. Read, download and publish arab spring magazines, ebooks for.
The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. Arab spring used their powers vehemently to crush the demonstrators and consequently the peaceful protesters also became violent. The arab spring unexpectedly developed in late 2010 with peaceful protests in a number of arab countries against longstanding, entrenched regimes, and rapid political change across the region ensued. The attention on escalation of tensions between bashar alassads government and opposition as a source of civil war in syria was paid. Arab spring in egypt ebook by 9781617973550 rakuten kobo. They also wanted more democracy, and end to corruption, and economic opportunity. Longstanding authoritarian rulers have been overthrown in tunisia and egypt, and in libya, a new interim government controls much of the country. This paper aims at examining how democratization in postuprising egypt remains flawed and the reasons for this failure. Six years later, little remains of the hopes that the west saw in the arab spring. The 201820 arab protests, also referred to as the new arab spring, arab summer or arab spring 2.
But the essays collected in this slim volume make a compelling case that the consequences of climate change are stressors that can ignite a volatile mix of underlying causes. Not a single month passed without some leading stories capturing our imagination and thoughts about the arab. Since the early days of 2011, the notion of the arab spring is becoming a household name across the globe. The meme of the arab spring is characterised by bottomup change, or the lack thereof. Mba advance 20102011 business english oral project. Democratization theory and the arab spring journal of. Read, download and publish arab spring magazines, ebooks for free at. Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in north africa region. The book includes case studies of some arab spring countries and other countries influenced by developments. The end of postcolonialism by hamid dabashi, a rage for order. Contexts and contests of democratisation the sweep of the arab spring egypt women and the arab spring agents of change and the technology of protest impact of the arab spring in the wider.
Marxist circles and parties set up in the arab world with moscows help had little influence, and local liberation movements did not depend on the bolsheviks. In 2011 winter drought in eastern chinas wheatgrowing region had significant implications beyond the countrys borders. Chinese drought, bread and the arab spring sciencedirect. The art and culture of egypt free download as powerpoint presentation. Arab spring, democratic transition, islamism, political culture, religion, secularism. The term arab spring, while controversial, has come to represent the events that. In 2011 during the arab spring uprising, egyptians believed in the possibility of greater freedom. The situation began to change after world war ii, when, flush with vic. Not only did the algerian regime survive the arab spring, it. A history of the modern middle east examines the profound and often dramatic transformations of the region in the past two centuries, from the ottoman and egyptian reforms, through the challenge of western imperialism, to the impact of us foreign policies.
The arab spring in egypt religious literacy project. Change and resistance in the middle east examines these revolutions and their aftermath. Egypt, where the armed forces remained at least politically neutral andor. Cnn, fox news and msnbc are the three most watched cable networks and the ones that face the most scrutiny. The arab spring belied arab exceptionalism, widely assumed to be the natural state of stagnation in the arab world amid global change and progress. The uneven impact of the arab spring on the six arab gulf states ags of kuwait, saudi arabia, bahrain, qatar, oman and the uae has further complicated the theoretical debate on the nature of these small and oilrich states. The selfimmolation of mohammed bouazizi in tunisia in december 2010 heralded the arrival of the arab spring, a startling, yet not unprecedented, era of profound social and political upheaval. The routledge handbook of the arab spring seeks to provide a departure point for ongoing discussion of a fluid phenomenon on a plethora of topics, including. Is political islam on the losing side of the arab spring in egypt. Ruth hanau santini writes on womens rights in tunisia, egypt and libya in the wake of the arab awakening. Arab spring as a background of civil war in syria in.
This wellresearched and widelycited analysis of the revolution is a seminal piece that provides unmatched insight into recent events in egypt and the middle east. In egypt, the unsocial social contract is further entrenched. Redefining the social contract in the wake of the arab spring. Libyas second revolution by maryjane deeb the uprising that wasnt supposed to happen. It calls on revolutionary and reformist forces to give special attention to issues related to arab women, as they are an indispensable pillar in the process. How the arab spring movement has been covered by cnn, fox. The common slogan of the protesters throughout arab spring was the people want to bring down the regime aissa, 2012. Using data on the arab spring in egypt, acemoglu et al. Egypt and yemen there was a change in government, in. Prior to the arab spring, the conditions in egypt, libya, and tunisia appeared, compared to these requisites, antithetical to the formation and development of democracy.
The first employs case studies to make comparisons within and between regions. The article uses daily closing price data of the six stock markets. Causes of the arab spring causes of the arab spring may be described as following. Ben alis in tunisia on 17 january, mubaraks in egypt on 11 february, qadhafis in libya on 23 august, and saleh in yemen. The purpose of this article is to examine the causes, features, and transition processes of the arab spring in tunisia, egypt, libya, and yemen in correlation with huntingtons theorization on the third wave of democratization which, along with other available literature in the field, will be combined in a theoretical framework that will enable.
Starting with tunisia in december of 2010, the citizens of egypt, libya, and iran all voiced dissatisfaction with their governing leaders within the same period. Except where otherwise noted content on this site is licensed under a creative commons 2. May 20, 2019 elite choices, path dependency and the arab spring. The first phase of egypts arab spring ended on april 16, 2011, when an administrative court dissolved the ndp on charges of corruption and seized its assets. Arab spring free download as powerpoint presentation. The long and winding road to democracy is a culmination of several years work, starting from the beginnings of the egyptian revolution. The author looks specifically at israels evolving relationships with egypt, syria, lebanon, turkey, and the palestinians. The arab spring began in tunisia in december 2010, therefore learning about tunisia is an appropriate place to start digesting this topic. The article investigates the impact of arab spring on the stock markets performance during arab spring. Users may download andor print one copy of any articles in. Arab spring protests and womens labor market outcomes. Investigating the arab stock markets during arab spring. Hundreds of thousands of tunisians took to the streets calling for an end to authoritarian rule.
Between the islamic state and the nationstate the brookings project on u. The arab spring and the eus democracy promotion in. The influence of displeasure explosion against governments in tunisia, libya and egypt, known as arab spring, on the situation in syria was described. Algeria was the first country in the arab world to experience an arab spring. Cable networks have played a large role covering the arab spring in the united states. Pdf arab spring as a background of civil war in syria. Ebscohost serves thousands of libraries with premium essays, articles and other content including arab spring in tunisia, egypt and libya. Potential crop failure due to drought led china to buy wheat on the international market and contributed to a doubling of global wheat prices. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. In this article, we first reexamine the relationship between democracy and the twin tolerations in the worlds muslimmajority countries that are democraciesindonesia, turkey, senegal and tunisia, as well as in muslimminority india. Armies and insurgencies in the arab spring on jstor. Download in pdf, epub, and mobi format for read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Before it began in late 2010, protests had been staged in some arab countries that paved the way to this major event, especially the revolt of the gafsa in tunisia and the april 6 youth movement in egypt. Instead, that spring has given way to a winter of economic stagnation and political violence that has plunged syria, libya and yemen into bloody civil war, has led to widespread unrest in egypt, iraq and bahrain, and threatens to destabilize arab governments from morocco to saudi arabia.
Most of the arab regimes, with the exception of a few, are classified as highly authoritarian systems. Panel a of table 3 shows the differential returns for ndp, military, and islamicconnected firms during key events of the second phase under military rule. Case studies of tunisia and egypt abdulsattar, tammam omer msc. At the time of writing, the arab spring has already brought down four heads of state, in tunisia, egypt. Read arab spring in egypt revolution and beyond by available from rakuten kobo. Noted authorities writing specifically for this volume contribute chapters focusing on. Download israel and the arab turmoil pdf books pdfbooks. Best books about the arab spring to many of us, the popular uprisings in the middle east and north africa and regime overthrows in tunisia and egypt seemed to come out of nowhere. Cable news is often accussed of catering to specific audiences, biased reporting and a variety of other criticisms. Beginning in tunisia, and spreading to as many as seventeen arab. What does the arab spring imply for democratization theory. Is political islam on the losing side of the arab spring.
The collapse in february 2011 of the regime in the regions most populous country, egypt, led to key questions of why. Yes, of course it began in the maghreb, tunisias right in the middle of it. The arab spring started in countries that actually had economic growth. The arab spring refers to a period of protests beginning on december 18, 2010 in tunisia, which quickly spread to numerous other arab nations and resulted in regime change in tunisia, libya, egypt, and yemen, and repression andor violence in syria, bahrain, sudan, and elsewhere. The quo vadis of democratization in postegypt arab spring.
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